Understanding 5G, 6G, and 7G and Their Key Differences

5G is present in the daily lives of many smartphone users, but discussions are already beginning about 6G and 7G, new generations of mobile networks. These technologies promise to transform global connectivity, impacting everything from industrial applications to everyday life.

The evolution of mobile networks supports significant changes in the way people and devices connect. 5G introduced the Internet of Things (IoT), while 6G aims to integrate artificial intelligence, and 7G promises total coverage via satellites.

Here’s a summary of the main differences:

• 5G: Focuses on mass connectivity and low latency;
• 6G: Promises Terabit speeds and integration with AI;
• 7G: Envisions global connectivity without dead zones.

Understanding 5G, 6G, and 7G

The technologies 5G, 6G, and 7G represent, respectively, the fifth, sixth, and seventh generations of mobile networks. With each new generation, innovations emerge that shape the digital economy. Currently, we are experiencing the potential of 5G, which democratizes connectivity and stabilizes the IoT ecosystem.

6G and 7G aim for an even deeper integration between the physical and digital worlds, allowing for more complex and automated interactions, such as vehicles communicating with road infrastructure.

Differences Between 5G and 6G

One of the most striking differences between 5G and 6G is the operating frequency. 5G uses millimeter waves, while 6G will explore Terahertz (THz) frequencies, increasing data transmission capacity.

Another innovation in 6G will be its native integration with Artificial Intelligence, creating a network that optimizes connectivity in real time based on user habits.

IMT-2030 and Goals for 6G

For 6G, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has defined the framework IMT-2030, which establishes performance indicators, including:

Energy Efficiency

6G must reduce energy consumption per bit, extending the battery life of connected devices.

Extreme Reliability

This is essential for critical actions that depend on a stable connection.

Connection Capacity

It should support up to 10 million devices per square kilometer.

Sustainability

6G networks should have a reduced environmental impact.

Speed, Latency, and Connection Capacity of 6G

Regarding speed and latency, 6G is designed to have almost no delay. While 5G can reach up to 20 Gbps with a latency of 1 millisecond, 6G could achieve speeds of up to 1 Tbps and latency of less than 0.1 milliseconds.

6G also provides a connection capacity that exceeds the limitations of 5G, allowing a greater number of devices to operate simultaneously without signal loss.

Expected Applications for 6G

6G applications will be focused on industry, science, and immersive entertainment. Examples include:

• Real-time Holograms: replacing video calls with 3D projections;
• Digital Cities: instant traffic updates;
• Remote Surgeries: medical interventions performed at a distance;
• Autonomous Agriculture: equipment operating with high precision;
• Extended Reality (XR): virtual environments integrated with daily reality;
• V2X: vehicles communicating with each other and with road users.

Expectations are that auctions and research for 6G will begin in 2026, with initial commercial operations projected between 2028 and 2030.

What is 7G?

7G will be the future seventh generation of mobile networks, designed to integrate global connectivity with the help of satellites. This network aims to eliminate "dead zones" and provide coverage in remote areas.

Although 6G is still under development, 7G is already being academically discussed as a model for a truly universal network.

Comparison Between 5G, 6G, and 7G

To facilitate understanding, see the comparative table:

Current Status of 5G in Brazil

In Brazil, 5G Standalone is already operational in all capitals, and operators are focusing on increasing antenna density to ensure a stable signal.

The 5G auctions included commitments for coverage to be met in the coming years, preparing the necessary infrastructure for the future implementation of 6G.

Expectations for 6G and Beyond

6G is expected to be commercially accessible by around 2030. The transition to 7G is projected for 2040 or later. It is important to note that new technologies will require new hardware and modems, making current devices incompatible due to software updates.

However, the focus should remain on 5G, which still presents much potential for growth and improvement.

It is essential to keep track of innovations, as they will transform connectivity and economic dynamics on a global scale.

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